These boots were handcrafted in the USA by the boot maker J. Chisholm. These are genuine leather from the boot shaft, the foot , the sole as well as the lining. The leather is soft and pliable. boots have been cleaned, disinfected and Bick 4 (brand) leather conditioner applied to leather. Further, Saphire brand polish was used to polish the boots. Note: Boots are preowned. We are diligent in photographing any major flaws, but you are purchasing a preowned pair of handcrafted boots at a substantially reduced sale price. We do not accept returns. All boots are sold As-Is. A reminder, when buying boots online we have found that having the current boot size is crucial, as our feet do change over time (having a shoe store measure for proper size minimizes purchasing an incorrect size).