Fiestaware "Radioactive Red" Cups: 14% and 31 similar items

$25.00 each cup, plus shipping "RADIOACTIVE RED" ORANGE FIESTAWARE CUP by HOMER LAUGHLIN CERAMICS CO. CERAMICS GLAZED WITH 14% URANIUM Made in USA at West Virginia Original Uranium Plates, 1936-1943 Prior to WWII, glazing the color of ceramic dishes was the main application for uranium.The glaze has excellent durability; these vintage plates are more than 78-84 years old, yet they are in remarkably excellent condition. Their weights vary slightly from cup to cup: 5-6 oz. because they were handmade. The orange glaze gets its color from 14% natural uranium oxide in the glaze. Using Bicron or Ludlum instruments, the activity level measured in the plates is at a middle / moderate level, comparable to that in natural unprocessed rocks. Fiesta Ware plates made after 1943 were still named Fiesta Red, but the newer vintage plates, made after 1943, lacked the uranium oxide colorant in their glaze. RECOMMENDED RADIATION DETECTOR: PANCAKE GEIGER COUNTER I do NOT recommend a scintillation detector. That type is so sensitive, that it responds all the time to cosmic rays originating from outer space. The moderate sensitivity of a pancake geiger counter responds slightly to natural background radiation, and stronger to moderate stimuli such as Fiesta Ware uranium-glazed plates. RADIATION INSIDE THE CUP IS STRONGER THAN ON THE OUTER SURFACE This inside/outside difference is found on all the cups, and it differs from the pattern found with flat plates. The inside of the cup gives stronger radiation than the outside, because the concave shape of the INSIDE SURFACE tends to focus or concentrate the radiation signal in a stronger way. CAN COFFEE OR TEA BE SAFELY CONSUMED FROM THESE CUPS? The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that the cups should NOT be used at meals. Coffee, tea, or other drinks are NOT altered by the radiation from the uranium in the orange-colored glaze. The health risk is that older ceramics sometime release "chips" that could enter the body. These cups are in excellent condition despite their 80 year age, but glaze-chips could happen and they must never be allowed to enter the body. My advice is to follow the EPA's recommendation: don't drink from these cups; instead use them for radiation measurements with your geiger counter instrument. RADIATION HORMESIS Enclosed with the Fiesta Ware cup will be a reprint of a Wickipedia article on the topic of radiation hormesis. This principle states that, external exposure to low-level ionizing radiation near the threshold is beneficial to health because it activates defense-mechanisms in the body that resist against toxic effects. Hormesis is controversial, but this principle has been approved by the U.S. federal Environmental Protection Agency, by the French Academy of Sciences, and by health- support agencies in China and Japan. The 2017 EPA pronouncement likened mild radiation exposure to mild exposure to summer sunlight. CHOICES TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING THESE FIESTAWARE COFFEE CUPS These cups show variations, because they were handmade. Send me a message stating whether you prefer cups that are heavier (more material) or that show a stronger CPM radiation response. A faster CPM response happens when the orange glaze is thick, rather than thin. All the cups are priced equally at $25.00 each, plus shipping. SHIPPING Flat-rate shipping: 1-6 plates As many as six of these cups can ship combined in a medium-sized flat-rate priority mail box. Thus, the postage expense is the same for one to six plates. 1-3 cups can be transported in a priority Regional # A box. The cups will be wrapped with cardboard and cushioning materials to ensure that they arrive in perfect unbroken condition. Printed materials and photos describing the early history of Fiesta plates and of the New Mexico uranium mining industry, will be enclosed. Breakage in shipment is insured to $50.00 by USPS insurance on Priority mailed packages. SHIPPING COST: ONLY THE ACTUAL POSTAGE! Some sellers conceal the actual postage cost; I print the postage cost at the top of the Bonanza shipping label. If the actual postage cost is $0.20 or more below what you paid, I will refund the amount overpaid to your account, as soon as the package is mailed. $25.00 each cup, plus shipping HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH "RADIOACTIVE RED" FIESTAWARE PLATES Made with Natural Uranium Glaze, 1936-1943 General The radiation level of the red/orange plates, measured by a geiger "pancake probe," averages about 25,000. cpm. This is in the middle level of radiation shown by uranium rocks found in the field. The radiation level of white/ivory Fiesta plates, based on 2% uranium in the glaze, is only about 1,000 cpm, using a pancake probe. The white/ivory plates are barely measurable at all with a "yellow toy geiger," CDV-700. The following is a Googled report on these famous vintage FiestaWare dinnerware; the report lacks the photos. Sorry about the missing photos, but my photos can substitute. The The Fiesta dinnerware line was introduced in 1936 with a choice of five colors: red, blue, green, yellow and ivory. Red was the first color that the company selected when designing the product, and blue was the second (these were the colors of the Fiesta ware that Andy Warhol collected). Since the idea was to mix and match the dinnerware, the five colors had to be compatible. Fiesta red has always been the most popular color even though it was the most expensive. The higher price was due to the cost of the raw materials and the fact that the production of the red required a greater level of control during the firing process. The red color was achieved by adding uranium oxide in the glaze - measurements have indicated that by weight, up to 14 % of the glaze might be uranium. How much glaze was employed per plate is unclear but it has been estimated that a single plate contains 4.5 grams of uranium (Buckley et al). Piesch et al estimated the glaze thickness at 0.2 mm. Since this uranium could be used in the production of an atomic bomb, Fiesta red became a victim of World War II when the US government confiscated the company’s stocks of uranium. Fiesta red disappeared until 1959 when production resumed, this time using depleted uranium (DU) rather than the original natural uranium. The Fiesta red plate in the above photo was made from depleted uranium while the ivory plate was made from natural uranium. In 1969 the entire Fiesta ware line was discontinued, and in its place the company produced what was known as Fiesta Ironstone. The latter, which was only manufactured in Fiesta red (aka Mango Red), didn’t last long. It was discontinued in 1973. This was the end of Fiesta red. Years later, in 1986, a new line of Fiesta ware was introduced but without the red color. 1936 – 1943 Fiesta red was produced using natural uranium 1959 – 1969 Fiesta red Fiesta Ware was produced using depleted uranium 1969 - 1973 Fiesta red Fiesta Ironstone was produced using depleted uranium It is worth noting that the use of uranium to produce a red ceramic glaze was not limited to Fiesta ware. Almost any antique ceramic with a deep orange/red color is likely to be radioactive, e.g., that produced by the Bauer Pottery Company. In addition, various manufacturers, including the Homer Laughlin Company, have used uranium to give their ceramics other colors, e.g., yellow, green, brown. Buckley et al estimated that 2 million pieces of dinnerware between 1959 and 1969 that employed uranium containing glaze. Estimates of Radiation Exposures A very detailed analysis of the radiation exposures due to uranium in dinnerware can be found in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission publication “Systematic Radiological Assessment of Exemptions for Source and Byproduct Materials” (NUREG 1717). There are three principal radiation exposure pathways associated with Fiesta Ware and other uranium containing tableware: 1. Exposure to the body from the gamma rays emitted by radionuclides in the ceramic glaze Buckley et al reported exposure rates of 0.5 and 15 mR/hr at the surface of a dinner plate and 0.002 and 0.3 mR/hr at one meter. The following effective dose equivalent rates were reported in NUREG-1717 for the gamma rays emitted by uranium-containing dinnerware (20 % by weight uranium): Distance 10” Plate 3.5” Cup 1 foot 6.5 x 10-4 mrem/hr 3.7 x 10-4 mrem/hr 3 feet 7.7 x 10-5 mrem/hr 4.1 x 10-5 mrem/hr 6 feet 1.9 x 10-5 mrem/hr 1.1 x 10-5 mrem/hr HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH $25.00 each plate, plus shipping ========================= Stephen Buggie, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Psychology Univ. of New Mexico, Gallup zing